In today’s connected world, most businesses depend heavily on digital systems to operate. From customer records to payroll information, so much of what keeps an organization running lives on computers and in the cloud. But what would happen if one day, all of that data was suddenly locked and held for ransom?
That’s not a hypothetical question—it’s the growing reality for small and medium-sized businesses across Canada. The FBI recently issued a warning about a particularly aggressive ransomware group known as Interlock, and while this alert came from the United States, the threat is just as relevant for Canadian companies.
Ransomware is not new, but the speed, sophistication, and impact of these attacks are escalating. Understanding what ransomware is, how it spreads, and how to defend against it has become essential knowledge for any business owner.
Keywords: cybersecurity, ransomware, business protection
What Is Ransomware and Why Does It Matter?
Ransomware is a type of malicious software that blocks access to your data or systems until a payment—usually in cryptocurrency—is made to the attacker. In most cases, this is achieved through encryption. Once the malware is inside your system, it locks files and displays a message demanding payment to restore access.
Over time, ransomware tactics have evolved. Early versions simply encrypted data, but now, attackers also steal sensitive information before locking it. This means that even if you restore your files from backup, they still have a copy of your data, which they can threaten to release publicly if you don’t pay. This method, called “double extortion,” has become the new standard among ransomware groups.
For small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs), the consequences can be devastating. Beyond financial loss, a ransomware attack can severely damage your reputation, disrupt operations, and erode customer trust. Even if you manage to recover your systems, the long-term effects can linger for months or even years.
The Rise of Interlock: A New and Aggressive Threat
The FBI has specifically highlighted Interlock, a ransomware group that first appeared in September 2024. In just over a year, Interlock has made a name for itself by targeting businesses and critical infrastructure across North America and Europe.
Interlock’s strategy follows a predictable yet highly effective pattern:
This kind of coordinated attack doesn’t just happen to large corporations. Interlock and similar groups have discovered that SMBs are often more vulnerable because they may lack the same level of cybersecurity defences as bigger organizations.
How Do Ransomware Attacks Happen?
Ransomware groups rely on a variety of tactics to infiltrate systems. Understanding these methods can help businesses recognize potential warning signs and prevent breaches before they occur.
1. Phishing and Social Engineering
Phishing remains the most common entry point. Attackers craft convincing emails that appear to come from legitimate sources—such as software providers or colleagues. Once a user clicks on a malicious link or downloads a fake attachment, the ransomware begins installing itself in the background.
2. Exploiting Vulnerabilities
Outdated systems and unpatched software are open doors for cybercriminals. Attackers often exploit known vulnerabilities in operating systems, web browsers, or applications to gain entry.
3. Compromised Credentials
Weak or reused passwords can allow attackers to log in directly. Some ransomware operators use stolen credentials purchased on the dark web to access business networks.
4. Fake Updates and Malware Downloads
Groups like Interlock distribute fake browser or security updates that install malware instead of legitimate software. Once inside, the ransomware can spread quickly, infecting shared drives and connected systems.
5. Lateral Movement
Once the attackers gain a foothold, they move laterally within the network—collecting more data, escalating privileges, and seeking out critical systems to maximize their control.
Why SMBs Are Prime Targets
Many business owners assume ransomware attacks only happen to major corporations, but statistics show the opposite. According to multiple cybersecurity reports, small and medium-sized businesses make up the majority of ransomware victims.
There are a few key reasons for this trend:
The combination of limited defences and valuable data makes SMBs an ideal target for groups like Interlock.
The Real Cost of Ransomware
The financial demands from ransomware groups can range from a few thousand dollars to millions, depending on the size of the business and the value of the encrypted data. However, the ransom itself is often only part of the total cost.
Other financial and operational impacts include:
Even after recovery, businesses may spend months strengthening defences and rebuilding client confidence.
How to Protect Your Business
While ransomware threats are serious, they’re not inevitable. The FBI and cybersecurity experts recommend a layered defence strategy that combines technology, employee awareness, and proactive management.
Here are some of the most effective steps:
1. Keep Systems Patched and Updated
Cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in outdated systems. Regular updates for operating systems, software, and hardware reduce the number of weaknesses attackers can use.
2. Enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
MFA requires users to verify their identity through an extra step, such as a mobile code or fingerprint. It’s one of the most effective ways to block unauthorized access.
3. Use Firewalls and Web Filtering
Firewalls and content filters help prevent users from accessing malicious websites or downloading infected files.
4. Segment Your Network
By separating different parts of your network, you can prevent a single infected device from spreading ransomware across your entire organization.
5. Monitor for Suspicious Activity
Advanced security tools can detect unusual behaviour—like unauthorized logins or large data transfers—and alert administrators before an attack spreads.
6. Back Up Data Regularly
Backups are your safety net. Store them in a secure, offline location so they can’t be encrypted by attackers. Test your backups regularly to ensure they actually work.
7. Train Employees
Human error remains the weakest link in cybersecurity. Regular staff training helps employees recognize phishing attempts and respond appropriately.
8. Develop an Incident Response Plan
Have a clear plan outlining what to do if an attack occurs. This includes identifying who to contact, how to isolate affected systems, and how to communicate with clients and authorities.
Looking Ahead: The Future of Cybersecurity and AI
The landscape of cybersecurity is constantly evolving. As ransomware groups grow more sophisticated, so too must our defences. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing an increasing role in identifying and responding to cyber threats in real time.
AI-powered security systems can:
At Robertson Technology Group, we’re closely following the development of AI-driven threat analysis and its potential to reshape how businesses protect themselves from emerging risks.
Practical Takeaway
Ransomware isn’t going away anytime soon. Groups like Interlock represent just one of many threats facing Canadian businesses today. The best defence is a proactive approach—keeping systems updated, educating staff, and partnering with experienced technology providers who understand both the risks and the realities of small and medium-sized operations.
Remember: preventing an attack is far more affordable and less disruptive than dealing with one after it happens.
About Robertson Technology Group
Based in Victoria, BC, Robertson Technology Group provides managed technology security and support solutions for small and medium-sized businesses across Canada. Our mission is to empower organizations through secure, reliable, and innovative technology management—without the need for full-time, on-site IT staff.
We take pride in delivering personalized service, strategic partnerships, and expert support designed to protect your business from threats like ransomware and other cybersecurity risks. Whether you’re looking to strengthen your defences or streamline your technology, we’re here to help your business thrive safely and securely.